The Tokyo Stock Exchange found that a malfunction in its new and trouble-prone trading system prevented Mizuho Securities from being able to cancel the mistaken J-Com order.

The bond market might have underestimated the troubled issuer’s ability to realize investment-grade ambitions.

Citigroup, Morgan Stanley and RBS finance the UK pub party.

Tier 1 perpetual CMS-linked products, once in high demand from private investors, have shown their dark side. Some deals have lost 20% of their value. Their highly illiquid nature means investors could be left high and dry. How did these inappropriate products come to be sold to an unsuitable investor base? Alex Chambers and Helen Avery report.

Siegfried Jaschinski has a grand ambition for Landesbank Baden-Württemberg to be a regional, if not a national, champion of wholesale banking in Germany. A year after he became the bank’s chairman, Philip Moore spoke to Jaschinski about the realistic prospects of a self-proclaimed house bank.

Management consultants are as famed for their work ethic as for their innovative ideas. But the strain of working long hours and spending long periods away from home at clients’ offices takes its toll. Consulting firms lose anything between 15% and 40% of their consultants every year.

Excitement over corporate hybrids has been replaced by hopes of a boom in M&A refinancing.

Innovation and wider investor participation continue apace.

Investment banks Nomura and Mediobanca are about to close Italy’s largest ever securitization of regional healthcare receivables, according to market sources in Italy and London. “This is the largest ever deal of its type, and it has unique structural features that have never been used before in this asset class,” says a source close to the €2 billion transaction.

The National Bank of Abu Dhabi’s (NBAD) $850m floating rate note sold in December has set a new benchmark for the region’s issuers both in terms of size and spread.

Asia’s business community is never slow to spot a trend and real estate investment trusts are certainly hot news. A trickle from the pipeline of early Reit offerings in Singapore and latterly Hong Kong earlier in 2005 threatens to become a torrent of new issues in 2006 as the region’s property developers and investment banks line up to launch new vehicles for Asia’s yield-voracious investors.

The Czech Republic’s PPF Group, which owns Home Credit and insurer Ceska Pojistovna, has managed to achieve top three positions in all of its countries of operation and with limited need for international financing. Now, the previously inwardly focused group has finally begun to let outsiders in. Kathryn Wells reports.

Many of the most attractive banking assets in emerging Europe have already been bought. Acquirers must look further east for their next target. But investment bankers are already thinking of the next big play – a global bank trying to buy a presence across the region. Sudip Roy reports.

“OK, if there were a big credit event, and if it coincided with one of the dealers going down, there would be a problem. How many ‘ifs’ do they want?”

“What surprised me when I became minister of finance was that we had the debt situation, but nobody wanted to talk about it. We need to first explain how we got into this position before we can talk about how we will get out of it.”

Thailand faces a looming pensions crisis. Its government is already moving down the path of reform but its critics don’t like the direction in which the programme is headed. Chris Leahy reports from Bangkok.

Hedge funds are main drivers into insurance underwriting. An increasing number of hedge funds and private investors are looking to the insurance markets as a source of attractive returns and diversification.

China Aviation Oil (Singapore) Corporation (CAO) the Singapore-listed subsidiary of mainland Chinese aviation fuel importer China Aviation Oil Holding Company (CAOH) announced in December a successful debt restructuring including significant investments from BP Investments Asia and Temasek Holdings.

Hybrids will drive investment-grade issuance this year. The emergence in mid-December of Burlington Northern’s $500 million hybrid debt transaction via Merrill Lynch and Goldman Sachs indicated that the first US corporate hybrid, issued by Stanley Works the previous month, was not a one-off.

Australian lender ANZ became the latest foreign bank to invest in a mainland Chinese lender in December 2005 when it agreed to invest $120 million for a 19.9% stake in Tianjin City Commercial Bank. TCCB, based in Tianjin, is China’s fourth-largest city commercial bank by assets, which totalled $8 billion as at October 2005. The bank serves 5 million customers from 180 branches and offices. ANZ plans to provide TCCB with access to its intellectual property and technical resources, specifically to build risk management, retail banking and trade finance capabilities. ANZ has clearly considered its investment in TCCB carefully: Tianjin was voted “most livable city in China” according to an international survey and it is twinned with Melbourne, ANZ’s home city.

Loss of guidance note 5 wording boosts shareholder leverage.

After months of complaints from debt syndicate managers, UK regulator the Financial Standards Authority has responded to their complaints about the Market Abuse Directive’s stipulation that supposedly stopped new issues being over-allocated by more than 5%.The requirement, which originally targeted mispriced equity issues in southern Europe, was limiting the ability of lead managers to control aftermarket performance, particularly on volatile credits. The FSA has now said it was feasible for firms to document their reasons for over-allocating beyond the 5% but that such action would not be automatically regarded as market abuse by the regulator.

The departure of BNP Paribas’ head of corporate debt capital markets, Brian Lazell, was a real shock. It is highly unusual for bankers to leave their jobs just weeks before bonuses are paid. But it is clear from insiders that Lazell has another job that he is due to take up early in the New Year.

Technicals will turn negative and valuations widen this quarter.

Last month’s cover story received a lot of feedback. It seems sell side is in a state of flux and running scared of algorithmic trading.

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange reported record FX volume on December 12. A total of 872,271 futures and option contracts were traded, representing $96 billion in notional value. This was 16.6% up on the previous record of 748,050 contracts, set on June 8 2005. Electronic transactions on the exchange’s Globex platform accounted for 71% of the turnover. Even though calendar rolls into the March contract inflated the total, if the CME can maintain levels at anywhere near the record, the debate on whether or not FX can migrate to an exchange-traded environment will grow louder.

Fitch has cut Hungary’s sovereign credit rating to BBB+ from A–, one of the first times that a new EU member state has had a downward, rather than upward, rating movement applied to it since the EU enlargement process began.

Acceptance as asset class and Ucits III mean new retail currency funds.

Most analysts got it wrong in 2005, who says they’ll get it right this time?

Investors seem to like Mexico’s new investment fund, Impulsora del Desarrollo Económico de America Latina (Ideal), owned by the country’s richest man, Carlos Slim.

Last year was tumultuous for Ecuador. A president was ousted, a spat with the World Bank threatened to get out of hand and there were genuine fears that the sovereign might default. At long last, though, there are signs that Ecuador might be on the path to recovery, not least because of the strong support that the sovereign received for its first bond issue in six years.

Latin American banks have come a long way since the financial crises of the 1990s and ordinary citizens are bringing their savings out from under their mattresses like never before.

Corporate hybrid has moved beyond investment grade. The development is significant for the leveraged finance community – it’s one thing persuading buyers to invest in the subordinated debt of an investment-grade company, but finding investors receptive to one from a BB/Ba2 credit is quite another. Hedge funds and certain other institutional investors were reluctant to get involved. Yet German tourism and shipping company Tui was able to raise €300 million of perpetual (non-call seven) debt rated B+/B1 via Citigroup, Deutsche Bank, HVB and RBS. The coupon was 8.625%. Those going for the issue, of whom a big proportion are retail investors, certainly deserve that coupon given that this is a highly cyclical business. The deal was part of a €1.3 billion offering to refinance short-term acquisition funding of CP Ships.

Analysts are pondering the new economy minister’s strategy.

The annual meeting of EMTA, formerly the Emerging Market Traders Association, has for the past few years been an exercise in watching analysts berate themselves for not being sufficiently bullish about the previous year. The 2005 meeting was no exception: no one thought, a year ago, that emerging-market debt would return anything like the 9% it ended up posting over the course of the year.

Republic’s next challenge is to revamp its domestic debt portfolio.

Brazil’s economy shrank 1.2% in the third quarter as pressure mounted on the scandal-hit Lula administration. The performance, which was much worse than analysts had been expecting, came after a rise in output of 1.1% in the second quarter. Analysts suggest that Brazil’s high interest rate is stifling growth. At one point the base rate was at 19.75%, before dropping back to 18.5%. Confidence in Brazil has also been shaken by corruption scandals involving the ruling PT Party.

A close ally of Hugo Chávez has claimed that the CIA plotted to assassinate Venezuela’s president in the run-up to last month’s legislative elections. Nicolas Maduro, president of the National Assembly, says that the CIA wanted to disrupt Venezuela’s democracy by killing the country’s leader. “They planned to suspend the elections,” he said. “They planned to attack the head of state, assassinate top officials and carry out massive killings – all these charges are backed up by conversations between the very participants.” The CIA has denied all the allegations. “It’s nonsense,” said a spokesman at the agency.

EMEA to see further growth in asset-backed transactions.

Rash of strategic sales and IPOs planned.

Africa:

In an open letter to market participants, the New York-based Foreign Exchange Committee has warned about some of the dangers posed by the advent of retail FX products. The committee says technology often separates “the wholesale foreign exchange dealer from the end user, perhaps by multiple intermediaries”. This makes it difficult for banks to “know their customer”, and possibly hampers such compliance measures as anti-money-laundering and counter-terrorism obligations.

A recent report by BreakingViews has revived the familiar story that EBS is up for sale, claiming that the company was hawking itself around via its adviser, Citigroup. The £1 billion ($1.8 billion) valuation that BreakingViews has put on EBS looks a little toppy and might well scare potential suitors away. Back-of-the-fag-packet calculations suggest that EBS captures about 20% of the total spot market. As FX volumes are still expected to grow, and EBS could quite conceivably increase its market share, someone with deep pockets might well decide it is worth a punt, even at £1 billion. However, whether its multiple owners will ever agree on the attractions of a suitor remains to be seen.

In early December HSBC and Deutsche Bank simultaneously engaged in a charity event to raise funds for London’s Great Ormond Street Hospital’s development fund. In order to entice its workers to stump up some cash, the two banks had a number of celebrities tour their trading floors.

The markets revere individualists who are prepared to follow their hunches – think Soros, Buffett or Kerkorian. But are the many actually smarter than the few?

Congratulations to the winner of the inaugural Euromoney award for media relations. This bank, before pitching a CDO as part of our deals of the year research, invited the relevant Euromoney journalists to sign a beautifully drafted, five-page confidentiality agreement.

Dressing up down under

When Malcolm Glazer bought UK Premiership football club Manchester United in May, alarm bells rang. The £790.3 million ($1.4 billion) deal was partly funded by a high-cost loan of £275 million from three US hedge funds, and subject to strict ebitda targets over the first two years.

Euromoney reports on the innovations driving the market forward, and profiles the winners of latest Islamic finance awards.

If Mifid forces banks to physically trade illiquid bonds they publish prices on, they won’t risk their capital.

In an historic move in late November, the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, conducted the first ever swap of renminbi with the US dollar, a move that it intends to repeat fortnightly.

Greece’s economy grew faster than expected in 2005. But its government faces a major challenge in 2006: to maintain its strong growth rate while complying with the EU directive to cut its budget deficit by the end of the year. By Dimitris Kontogiannis.

Although Asia remains in the vanguard of private banking growth, a new survey from Boston Consulting Group highlights key challenges ahead.

Malaysian retail bank Southern Bank had its expansion plans scuppered in December by Bank Negara Malaysia, the country’s central bank, after BNM refused to approve Southern Bank’s proposed acquisition of Asia General Holdings, a Singapore general insurance company.

After earlier forecasting that European share prices would rise in 2006, Standard & Poor’s equity research now expects a 7% fall. The change in outlook is the result of the European Central Bank’s decision to jump on the bandwagon of global monetary policy tightening.

The general picture’s good and the four biggest economies are simultaneously on a growth path.

Just as Schroders Investment Management joins the ranks of company pension funds to dramatically cut equity exposure, the debate about the merits of such moves is heating up.

In December, the UK’s Financial Services Authority held a meeting with the Association of British Insurers setting out its position on securitization and reinsurance for life insurers. All year there had been talk of monetization being a big story. Legal and General has been rumoured to have mandated a structuring mandate, and Standard Life was looking at both new business strain and value in force (VIF) structures before being overwhelmed with the process of demutualization. There has been talk of VIF securitizations coming from France and the Netherlands. However, some originators argue that the cost effectiveness of this approach is far from proved and question whether the six months or so spent working on structures is worth it. Also the competitiveness of reinsurance has improved dramatically in response to the capital market, especially for one-year maturity. But for a five-year maturity, a reinsurance treaty is twice as expensive as a capital markets solution. It appears that the FSA is trying to give greater guidance to issuers and arrangers on how to streamline the process; there are hopes for as many as four deals in 2006.

Weak execution caused by the end-of-year rush to issue was mostly limited to the CMBS sector. Execution lower down the capital structure suffered the most, with triple B notes hitting three-month Euribor plus 100 basis points, a level not seen for more than 18 months.

With their core jobs as trustees and paying agents commoditized, corporate trustees are relishing the chance to carve out a new role for themselves on structured credit deals.