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Senior officials at the US Treasury are urging Latin American countries to pursue policies that will help grow their mortgage markets, despite the sub-prime woes of the US.

The credit crunch spreads east

Citi has appointed Andrew Au as chairman of Citibank China and chief executive Citi China after an extended search to replace the previous incumbent, Richard Stanley, who was nabbed by DBS in February. Citi’s press release made no mention of Stanley, who presided over a successful period of investment for the bank in China, but described the search for a replacement as "comprehensive". Au has been with the firm for 24 years, and was previously country head for New Zealand before moving to Hong Kong to take on various regional oversight roles including head of trade for Asia-Pacific.

The Bank of England levelled the playing field for UK financial institutions last month when it followed the lead of the Federal Reserve and provided a facility for domestic banks and building societies to refinance mortgage-backed bonds for government bonds. Continental European banks have long been able to use the European Central Bank’s repo facility for their mortgage-backed securities. Until the European securitization market shut down, UK banks were by far its biggest users – accounting for between 40% and 50% of annual issuance over the past three years alone. The Bank of England has carefully constructed its programme to ensure that banks retain all credit risk.

Market sources suggest that Advent, a leading private equity firm, is set to exit from its majority stake in Nuevo Banco Comercial, the second-largest privately owned bank in Uruguay. This follows an agreement to sell NBC to the Gilinski family, who own GNB Sudameris, a small commercial bank in Colombia. The deal will probably be concluded this month.

Figures released by Isda during April show that the notional amount of credit default swaps outstanding during 2007 grew by 37% from the first half of the year to the second half. After the first six months of 2007 – before problems in the US sub-prime mortgage market tipped the credit markets into turmoil – there were $45.5 trillion of CDS outstanding but by the end of the year there were $62.2 billion. CDS notional growth for the whole year was a full 81%. The figures are a stark illustration of the extent to which CDS were embraced as a means of hedging credit risk when the markets turned.

29.4 and 44,000,000,000

In April, Instinet added Korea to the growing list of markets where it operates alternative trading systems.

Last month Hugo Chávez, the president of Venezuela, named Roberto Hernández, a long-term member of the Venezuelan Communist Party, as the new labour minister. The decision came days after Chavez ordered the nationalization of a leading steel-making company. The Ternium Sidor steel works was taken over in April after the company refused to raise workers’ pay. Ternium is Argentine-controlled and this nationalization adds strain to the good relations between Chávez and the Argentine government. Chávez also put pressure on relations with the Mexican president last month when he ordered the nationalization of the cement industry, a move that included Cemex’s Venezuelan operations.

Liquidity remains the primary challenge in the present environment, meaning that few credit managers have ventured beyond the relatively liquid credit derivative indices. Managers including BlueCrest, Cairn Capital, CQS and Pimco are all seeking to take advantage of the unique opportunities the dislocation in the credit market has created, say market participants.

Tradeweb has unveiled an electronic market for deposits. The platform’s management say that Tradeweb Deposit will support the placement of new and maturing deposits in euro, sterling, dollar, Swiss franc and yen. The timing of this launch comes just as the focus on the money markets has sharpened as discrepancies between the reported fixing of the interbank offered rate and the real level of bank funding have emerged. The new offering has been running on beta since January and 1,500 placements had already been conducted as of April 22. Tradeweb’s belief that electronic trading will help price transparency in the market will no doubt be challenged by the leading brokers. But the benefits of e-finance around processing are less disputed.