A question of balance

Currency crises in emerging markets are the result of too much foreign capital, not too little. An early warning barometer is a country's "fundamental balance" - current account plus foreign direct investment. But even then, if small economies can't absorb the inflow they should form regional currency blocs. Roll on the Singapore yen, the Polish euro and the Mexican dollar, writes Michael Howell.

Too much money is as bad as too little. Foreign capital inflows can be of poor quality. And emerging financial systems are often unable to absorb the shock of such an influx. They can act as a trampoline, bouncing the cash straight into a domestic spending boom.

One barometer of domestic economic excess – and of the sustainability of growth – is the fundamental balance. Paying attention to this barometer reading could warn when an investment bonanza is heading for trouble.

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