It is too easy to suspect that the wider politicization of monetary policy in Europe influences some bankers’ attacks on negative rates – in addition to their own self-interest – and particularly in Germany.
In fact, monetary easing hasn’t just lowered the southern states’ borrowing costs, it has also helped prop up Germany’s manufacturing sector through a lower exchange rate.
However, there is a valid question – understandably glossed over by much of the European Central Bank’s research – about how the effectiveness of negative rates varies not just between banks but also between countries.
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