Spanish banks: Twelve months of turbulence

After a turbulent 12 months of senior management upheaval and reform in Spanish banking things seem to be calming down, at least domestically.

Over the past year, two chairmen and two CEOs have resigned from Spain’s two largest banks, Santander Central Hispano (SCH) and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA). The reasons differ from bank to bank but both went through big mergers at the end of the 1990s and both are gradually discovering that being a major European banking group demands a great deal more transparency than the small, family-run Spanish banks were previously used to.