Quality Issuers :Tough times even for triple As

Highly rated borrowers fared better during last year's crisis than lower-rated credits. But spreads on their bonds still widened sharply. The bonds that held their price best were not just those of issuers with little exposure to emerging markets but those that were most liquid. By Luciano Mondellini

Investors force a Eurobond rethink

Last year was a difficult one for the capital markets. Western European and American investors realized – or remembered – that lending to fast-growing economies has dangerous drawbacks, especially where their political and economic systems are not based on sound foundations.

After Asia in 1997 it was the turn of Russia to be in turmoil last summer and investors started to look back to developed markets with greater interest, just as Europe was embarking on a new economic and political era with the introduction of the single European currency, the euro.

The market wobbles of the autumn shook confidence in borrowers across the credit spectrum.

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