Europe’s takeover boom gathers pace

It's a simple idea. You own most of a company so you control its fate. But this notion of shareholder value has been slow to reach continental Europe where governments often allow small groups of long-term shareholders to control public companies. Things are starting to change. Cross-border mergers - even hostile foreign bids - are becoming more common, debt-financed deals are supplanting stock swaps and companies are making big acquisitions using hybrid tradable loans. Michelle Celarier reports on the Americanization of European M&A.

After a year trying to entice the owners of French retailer Casino into a friendly merger, rival French supermarket chain Promodès took a bolder approach. Advised by Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, the number-one ranked M&A dealmaker in Europe this year, in August Promodès launched what has become France’s most contentious hostile takeover bid. Its Ffr28 billion ($4.7 billion) all-cash bid was swiftly rejected by the family that controls Casino, as well as by majority shareholder Rallye, which then made its own offer.

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