Capital markets: Swap spreads signal market failure

Negative swap spreads are more than a sign of dysfunction in the interest-rate derivatives market. They are the result of fundamental changes in the structure of the capital markets that have been forced by post-crisis banking regulation.

On October 23, 2008, something strange happened in the swaps market. Given that Lehman had filed for bankruptcy only a month before it was only one of many unthinkable events taking place, but on that day the 30-year swap rate traded below the 30-year treasury rate for the first time. This shouldn’t happen. 

Swap spreads reflect the cost of funding a long treasury position, so negative spreads mean that it costs more to borrow cash for 30 years secured against treasuries than to borrow unsecured for 30 years.

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