Market performance has not been at stake, with many European bourses delivering in a turbulent year. The German DAX hit 20,000 in early December after a run of record highs, despite the regional economic gloom. France’s CAC 40 had a strong first half of the year, before sliding down amid ECB rate cuts and political instability. The UK’s FTSE 100 also hit record highs in May and has had a total return of 11.4%, its best since 2021.
However, the US’s S&P 500 and Japan’s Nikkei 225 indices are notably more insulated from bilateral disputes and potential conflicts than those in Germany, France and the UK.
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