Technology review 2010: Controlling fraud - payment cards
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Technology review 2010: Controlling fraud - payment cards

The dynamics of payment card fraud are clearly changing as VISA Europe’s analysis of the evolution of payment card fraud in Europe, described in Figure 1, shows. Payment card fraud has become a global business dominated by international crime rings. It is a major problem, with losses estimated at around $5 billion globally. But although this is a huge number it still represents only a very small percentage of the total amount spent on cards worldwide. Even in the worst-affected countries, such as the UK, the ratio of payment card fraud to sales stands at only 0.101% compared with VISA Europe’s average of 0.06%.

The banks and payment card companies continue to combat constantly mutating fraud. Almost as soon as one source is eradicated, another appears. Many different techniques and technologies are being used, including chip and PIN, obligatory pre-notification of international travel, transaction alerts and dynamic one-time authentication passwords. One of the latest is the real-time scoring of payment authorization requests. This new service from VISA Europe, due to go live in April, uses neural networks and predictive technologies from Fico to estimate in real time the likelihood of fraud in each authorization request. The scoring is based on the visibility of all cross-border and other card payments on the VISA network and fraud data supplied by VISA member banks. This new development is expected to reduce considerably the unnecessary decline of genuine card-not-present and cross-border payment card transactions.


Figure 1: Evolution of card fraud in Europe
1980 1990 2000 Today
Fraudster Individuals Teams Local crime rings International crime rings
Target Consumers Small retailers Large retailers Banks Processors
Leading fraud types Lost/stolen Intercepted Domestic counterfeiting/skimming Identity theft, Phising, Rudimentary data compromise Cross-border data compromise, CNP fraud, ATM fraud
Type of cards targeted T&E cards Premium credit cards Mass market credit cards All types of credit cards, Debit cards, Prepaid cards
Necessary resources Opportunism Rudimentary knowledge Technical knowhow Audacity, Technical expertise, Insider information, Global connections
Source: VISA Europe

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