China’s $1.7 trillion hangover

China’s $1.7 trillion hangover

Up to 40% of China’s $1.7 trillion LGFV loans are at high risk of default. What’s a panicking Beijing to do?

The money network:

The money network:

Why crowdfunding threatens traditional bank lending

September 2003

Trains, planes and bond market deals

by Mark Brown


The transport system now rivals the weather as a topic of conversation among disgruntled Britons. So there was considerable interest in investor appetite when National Air Traffic Services (Nats), which runs air traffic control services in UK airspace, followed another transport-sector debutant, Network Rail, which maintains the UK rail infrastructure, to the bond markets this summer.

On August 11, Nats (En Route) issued £600 million ($960 million) of 5.25% guaranteed secured amortizing bonds due 2026.

In July, Network Rail launched a £4 billion Euro-commercial paper and US commercial paper programme.

Controversial life

Like Network Rail, Nats has had a short and controversial life. It was created by a controversial PPP deal in 2001, which separated the Nats Group, which is part-owned by a consortium of commercial airlines, from the UK's Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).

Nats...


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